A sub-stepping iterative constitutive model for cyclic cracking-crushing-shearing in masonry interface elements

• A constitutive model for interface elements is developed use in masonry micromodelling. Model based on total deformation theory, considering failure tension, compression and shear. Failure tension shear are coupled through a damage parameter. The sub-stepping algorithm (instead of mapping-back) ensures efficiency robustness. Good agreement hysteretic behavior crack pattern between numerical experimental results. This paper proposes sub-step iterative line used to analyse structures loaded in-plane. Based the adopts characteristics multi-surface plasticity, including Coulomb friction surface shear, with cut-off softening all three domains. driven by two parameters, one that couples technique demonstrated be numerically stable as an alternative traditional return-mapping algorithms, which prone convergence issues instability. proposed has been validated against tests performed walls subjected cyclic, in-plane loading. simulations adequately identify mode, behaviour pattern. When toe crushing governing, results appear sensitive assumed compressive strength. It shown calibration lumped strength makes possible fully describe evolution exhibit mix flexural crack-crush failure. Overall, efficient robust tool analysing walls.